Emerging gene therapies for enhancing the hemostatic potential of platelets.

Platelet transfusions are an integral component of balanced hemostatic resuscitation protocols used to manage severe hemorrhage following trauma. Enhancing the hemostatic potential of platelets could lead to further increases in the efficacy of transfusions, particularly for non-compressible torso hemorrhage or severe hemorrhage with coagulopathy, by decreasing blood loss and improving overall patient outcomes. Advances in gene therapies, including RNA therapies, are leading to new strategies to enhance platelets for better control of hemorrhage. This review will highlight three approaches for creating modified platelets using gene therapies: (i) direct transfection of transfusable platelets ex vivo, (ii) in vitro production of engineered platelets from platelet-precursor cells, and (iii) modifying the bone marrow for in vivo production of modified platelets. In summary, modifying platelets to enhance their hemostatic potential is an exciting new frontier in transfusion medicine, but more preclinical development as well as studies testing the safety and efficacy of these agents are needed.