Preeclampsia, a particular form of hypertension in pregnant women

Introduction Preeclampsia is an HTA associated with an excessive presence of protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy, it is one of the main causes of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Methods This is “C” department of Ibn Rochd Hospital, Casablanca, for a period of 3 years (2013 to 2015). Results The prevalence of preeclampsia was 8%. Patients aged between 25 and 35 years (72%) are the most affected by preeclampsia and its complications. The study of the clinical profile shows a predisposing history of preeclampsia in 26.70% of cases, an AP > 16/11 cmHg is seen in 29.27%, a PAS > 17 cmHgisseen in 24.54%, a PAD > 11 cmHg is seen in 12.16%. Edema was present in 70% of cases and was generalized in 9% of cases. Massive Proteinuria was found in 54.3% of cases. The study of the obstetrical profile showed us that 61.06% of the patients were primiparous; 64.4% of pregnancies date from more than 36 weeks of amenorrhea. The vaginal delivery was done in 47.57% of cases, Caesarean section was recommended in 52.43% of cases. Conservative treatment was adopted in 22% of cases; 15.05% required immediate use of intravenous antihypertensives. Maternal complications were dominated by renal failure, retroplacial hematoma followed by eclampsia and acute pulmonary edema, fetal complications were dominated by prematurity, perinatal mortality, fetal distress. Conclusion Preeclampsia remains a peculiar form of hypertension in pregnant women, which can put maternal fetal prognosis at risk, and overall management of preeclampsia requires medical, obstetric and anesthetic treatment. Medical treatment must serve two purposes: – to gradually correct the tension disorders; – prevent maternal complications. Improvement of care and follow-up of parturientsremains the best way for the prevention and treatment of this disease.