A comprehensive chemical profiling of phytochemicals from Trachyspermum ammi and encapsulation for sustained release

Abstract Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague, commonly called ‘Ajwain’ has been exploited for its huge ethonopharmacological properties. Inspite of being extensively investigated, comprehensive studies on value addition for product development are lacking. Efforts have been made to identify suitable extraction technique for maximum extraction without hampering antioxidant potential. Effects of extraction techniques, conventional solid liquid extraction (CSLE), high speed homogenization extraction (HHE), ultra-sound assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) on extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities were assessed. The study revealed highest extraction yield with methanol (100%) using MAE. However, the highest TPC (1860 ± 31.2 mg GAE 100g DW−1) achieved extraction with methanol (100%) using UAE for 20.0 min. DPPH and ABTS assays showed excellent radical scavenging potential of methanolic concentrate with EC50 43.6 and 96.2, with reducing powder 157 Trolox Equivalents (μgmL−1) in CUPRAC assay, respectively. UPLC-QToF-ESI-MS analysis revealed putative characterization of thirty-seven phytochemicals. Rosmarinyl-3-O-glucoside (R3Og) was isolated and characterized spectroscopically. Finally, R3Og was encapsulated within WPI by heat gelation, characterized by FT-IR and SEM. Kinetics study of apparently pH independent release behavior of R3Og from the WPI matrix suggested that the release was controlled by rapid relaxation of WPI aggregates and dominated at highly acidic pH.