Caracterización clínico-patológica de Liquen Plano Oral y Lesiones Liquenoides Orales

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and Oral Lichenoid Lesions (OLL) present similar clinical and histopathological manifestations, but differ in their aetiology. Taking into account previous research and the current available bibliography, there are no studies that use current classification criteria for these pathologies. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical and histopathological characteristics in cases diagnosed as OLP and OLL. The study was retrospective, observational and descriptive in 170 biopsies of patients between 2000 and 2017 received in the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and analyzed in the Chair of Pathological Anatomy of the Faculty of Dentistry and National Hospital of Clinics - UNC diagnosed with criteria of Van der Waal-Van der Meij (VW-VM). Descriptive statistics were used. 95 cases were diagnosed as OLP and 75 as OLL (121 women and 49 men, mean age 55.5 years). The most frequent location in both pathologies was the jugal mucosa (OLP: 38.9% and OLL: 45.3%). Within the histopathological characteristics found in relation to the classification of VW-WM in OLL, 83.3% epithelial dysplasia (ED) and inflammatory infiltrate in band (IN), 19.2% liquefaction degeneration (LD) and 17.9% apoptotic bodies of civatte (AC) presented while 16.7% did not present ED. In OLP 100% for LD and IN, and 0% for ED while 83% did not present AC. The predominantly observed histopathological characteristics coincide with the VW-VM criteria for the diagnosis of each entity. Our study has similar results in the cases of OLP with the work of Albornoz et.al, where they found the most frequent clinical location to the jugal mucosa and tongue while the histopathological results were almost similar in the percentage of LD (95%), ED (0%). In the current oral pathology, it is necessary to classify OLP and OLL using the Van der Waal-Van der Meij criteria as they involve defining aspects: clinical for OLP (network form and bilaterality) and histopathological (absence of ED, presence of LD and lymphocyte infiltrate in band). Those lesions that do not meet these criteria should be diagnosed as OLL, thus avoiding diagnostic errors.