Exercício físico no diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Revisão integrativa para prática baseada em evidência

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a metabolic disorder, multifactorial characterized by hyperglycemia and vascular dysfunction with prevalence in developing countries and negative impact on public health. In addition to pharmacological treatment and diet therapy, physical exercise is considered an important strategy for the control and prevention of DM2, although its effects and dose-responses are not fully understood. An integrative review study could apply to evidence-based clinical practice. Objective: To review studies published in Brazilian journals, effects of physical exercise on DM2. Methods: This is an integrative review performed by electronic research in Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, using the keywords: type 2 diabetes; physical exercise; clinical effects; benefits, observational, longitudinal, clinical studies and case studies with humans published in Brazilian journals between 2013 and 2018 were included. Results: In the VHL, no articles were found that met the eligibility criteria. In Scielo, 96 results were found, 4 articles (3 quasi-experimental and 1 longitudinal) were compatible with the eligibility criteria. Conclusion: Walking exercise can be prescribed for beginners, however its effects on biochemical variables occur in the long term; competitive and multicomponent exercise programs have shown effectiveness in functional fitness and biochemical control, if these models are necessarily proposed as part of the therapeutic program for patients with DM2.