Non-invasive spectroscopic methods for single-vial PAT in biopharmaceutical freeze-drying. On-line presentation at Marcus Evans 12th Biologics Formulation Development & Drug Delivery Forum June 14-15th 2021

cite as :Smith, G. (2021) Non-invasive spectroscopic methods for single-vial PAT in biopharmaceutical freeze-drying. On-line presentation at Marcus Evans 2nd Freeze-Drying Technology Summit February 17th-18th 2021Topics covered by this talk:- Introduction to freeze-drying and process analytical technologies- Through-vial impedance spectroscopy (TVIS)- Multiplexed PAT with impedance measurements- Characterization of critical process parameters: • Ice nucleation temperature (𝑇n) • Phase behaviour of solid/solute fraction • Ice interface temperature (𝑇i ) < 𝑇c • Primary drying end point