The effect of compression therapy on post-surgical swelling and pain, after total knee arthroplasty

Abstract Background We hypothesized the use of a graduated medical elastic thigh compression stocking for 14 days after total knee arthroplasty would reduce swelling by 2 centimeter and reduce pain among patients with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. The aim of this pilot study was to provide preliminary data and information about feasibility. The specified objectives were to investigate: 1) the level of post-surgical swelling and 2) the level of post-surgical pain, 14 days after surgery. Methods In a randomized controlled pilot study, 44 patients were allocated to a graduated medical elastic thigh compression stocking or standard treatment for 14 days after total knee arthroplasty. Outcome measures were knee, calf, and ankle swelling and pain. Study feasibility included acceptable rates of written consent and compliance with the use of the compression stocking. Data was analyzed using two-sample t-test for equality of mean. Results 68.8% of eligible patients gave written consent to participate in the study. 41.2% complied with use of the graduated medical elastic thigh compression stocking for 14 days post-surgery. No significant difference was found between the groups regarding knee, calf and ankle swelling or pain. Interpretation Knee swelling was reduced in both groups after 14 days, however slightly more in the intervention group. The result is not statistically significant but indicates that a graduated medical elastic thigh compression stocking may have a positive effect on reduction of swelling after total knee arthroplasty. Initiating a larger scale randomized controlled study to determine effectiveness of the requires a higher level of compliance.