Cardiovascular X-ray Imaging: Physics, Equipment and Techniques

Interventionists performing catheter-based procedures on the cardiovascular system should be familiar with the basic operations and functions of the employed X-ray imaging equipment. Although palpable differences in X-ray technology between manufacturers exist, the principles and modes of operation are identical across the board. In this chapter, the basic physical and technical principles of X-ray machines dedicated to cardiovascular interventional imaging are reviewed.