Formation of a de novo intracranial arteriovenous fistula in a child with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.

Purpose Dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF) are an uncommon feature of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). We report a case of an adolescent male diagnosed with PHTS following the treatment of multiple intracranial dAVF to emphasize the association of vascular anomalies with this disorder and discuss potential implications. Case report An adolescent male presented with bilateral proptosis secondary to intracranial venous hypertension. Workup revealed the presence of a complex intracranial dAVF which was treated with several embolization procedures. Following treatment, a de novo dAVF was identified on surveillance imaging. A genetic workup revealed a pathogenic mutation in PTEN consistent with a diagnosis of PHTS. Conclusions Recognition that PHTS may be associated with dAVF, and potentially delayed spontaneous formation of dAVF, is critically important due to the potential for devastating yet preventable neurologic sequelae.