COR27 and COR28 are Novel Regulators of the COP1-HY5 Regulatory Hub and Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.

Plants have evolved sensitive signaling systems to fine-tune photomorphogenesis in response to changing light environments. Light and low temperatures are known to regulate the expression of the COLD REGULATED (COR) genes COR27 and COR28, which influence the circadian clock, freezing tolerance, and flowering time. Blue light stabilizes the COR27 and COR28 proteins, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We therefore performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using COR27- and COR28 as bait, and identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) as an interactor. COR27 and COR28 physically interact with COP1, which is in turn responsible for their degradation in the dark. Furthermore, COR27 and COR28 promote hypocotyl elongation and act as negative regulators of photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Genome-wide gene expression analysis showed that HY5, COR27, and COR28 co-regulate many common genes. COR27 interacts directly with HY5 and associate with the promoters of the HY5 target genes HY5 and PIF4, and regulates their transcription together with HY5. Our results demonstrate that COR27 and COR28 act as key regulators in the COP1-HY5 regulatory hub, by regulating the transcription of HY5 target genes together with HY5 to ensure proper skotomorphogenic growth in the dark and photomorphogenic development in the light.