Genetic and non-genetic factors responsible for mitochondrial failure and Alzheimer’s disease

The objective of this review article is to explain the factors responsible for damaged mitochondria and its association with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is fairly produced by dysfunctional mitochondria that are alternatively caused by excessive reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dynamic imbalance. In the pathogenesis of AD, there is important role of many factors including amyloid-beta peptide (A ), tau-proteins, and mutations in presenilin-1. Additionally, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants have also been explained because of their significance to mitochondrial alterations in AD. Moreover, alteration in mitochondrial dynamics is responsible for the generation of segregated, damaged mitochondria that are, later on, destroyed through mitochondrial autophagy in AD. Finally, various novel models used for studying Alzheimer’s disease, have been discussed.