An effective method for monitoring tissue temperature using low-field MRI system

: This technical note describes an effective method for monitoring temperature based on the minimum curvature surface fitting (MCSF) referenceless proton resonance frequency shift (PRFs) at 0.35 T. Experimental tests on phantom, ex vivo porcine livers and human brain were conducted. A comparison study between the proposed method and a fiber optic temperature probe was conducted for microwave (MW) ablation. Experimental results showed that temperature root mean square error (RMSE) calculated by MCSF model were lower than those computed by high-order polynomial fitting. For ablation experiments, the temperature errors between temperature probe and MCSF method were all less than 2∘C.