The Frequency of Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome with Deep Fungal Infections

Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression of natural killer (NK) cell subsets in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and deep fungal infections and the significance of such expression. Methods A total of 829 patients with AIDS, who were treated in People's Hospital of Deyang City our hospital between January 2011 and March 2019, were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups: those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and invasive fungal infection (IFI) (HIV + IFI) (n = 390) and those with HIV and no IFI (HIV + non-IFI) (n = 439). Another 200 healthy volunteers were enrolled as the control group. The numbers of NK cell subsets in each group were compared. Results The level of NK cells, number of NK cells in all lymphocytes, proportions of CD56bright, CD56dim, and CD56dim NK cells in NK cells, and the level of CD56-CD16+ NK cells were significantly lower in the HIV + IFI group than in the HIV + non-IFI group and control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, CD4+ T, CD4+/CD8+, and NK cells were negatively correlated with HIV-RNA expression (P < 0.05). Conclusion A combination of AIDS and deep fungal infection can change the immune status of a patient. This condition can be diagnosed early through the detection of NK cell expression.