Evaluation of ballast particle degradation under micro-Deval testing using photogrammetry

Railway ballast plays an important role in the economic efficiency and sustainability of the rail transport. In this context, the morphology of its particles, in what regards the shape, angularity and surface texture, is critical and affects the mechanical performance of this aggregate material. Minimum mechanical resistance requirements ensure that the material undergoes limited degradation and preserves optimal morphological parameters throughout its field use. Many current technical specifications require the characterization of the morphology of ballast particles which is performed according to well-established and extensively validated empirical and manual testing approaches that were developed in the past. However, some of these approaches are subjective, prone to human error, reductive of the three-dimensional aspects of the particles and do not take advantage of more recent knowledge and currently available automated methods and image analysis approaches to fully characterize these aggregates. In this work, the authors present the application of a photogrammetry method for 3D reconstruction of ballast particles, as an alternative to other significantly expensive approaches. Ballast samples were submitted to micro-Deval abrasion testing, and the evolution of the morphology of a set of particles was analyzed at different stages of that test. Recent and automated image analysis techniques were applied to evaluate changes in the particle morphology. This work demonstrates that close-range photogrammetry for the 3D scanning of ballast particles is a cost-efficient approach to study these aggregates.