Fish intended for human consumption: from DNA barcoding to a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approach

In food authentication research, species identification was first developed by comparing the sequences of several mitochondrial genes isolated from food with NCBI or Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) data. These methods usually use Sanger methodology for sequencing although they have difficulty in identifying mixed species in processed foods. The first research proposing the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for identification of fish for food consumption appeared in 2012. Recently, several platforms used for NGS have shown their capacity to identify up to 15 different fish species or more in a single highly processed fish product.