Analysis of incidence and follow-up of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants

Objective To study the incidence and follow-up of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), in order to provide clinical evidence for its prevention and treatment. Methods Clinical data of patients with BPD in Peking University First Hospital from January 2012 to March 2015 were analyzed with retrospectivecohort study.BPD infants were classified as mild and moderate/severe group according to the criteria.The incidence, clinical features, treatment, comorbidities, and outcome of the 2 groups during hospitalization and follow-up periods were compared. Results One thousand three hundred and twenty-five newborns were enrolled, and 47 cases met the criteria of BPD, the incidence rate was 3.5%.Twenty-six cases were diagnosed as mild BPD, and 21 cases were diagnosed as moderate/severe BPD.The birth weight of the moderate/severe group was statistically lower than that of the mild group [(1 059.1±195.6) g vs.(1 285.8±238.5) g, t=3.505, P 0.05). At 1 year corrected age, the percentile of body weight, body length, and head circum-ference in the growth curve in the moderate/severe group were statistically lower than those in the mild group[body weight: 2.0(1.0, 4.0) vs.4.5(3.0, 6.3); body length: 3.0(1.0, 4.5) vs.5.0(3.0, 6.3); head circumference: 3.0(2.0, 4.0) vs.5.0(4.0, 6.0)], and the differences were significant(all P 0.05). Conclusions Infants with moderate/severe BPD have lower birth weight, higher mechanical ventilation related parameters, longer length of stay and oxygen therapy, and more retardation of physical development.The respiratory system health and neurological development of BPD infants after discharge need a long-term follow-up. Key words: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Infant, premature; Risk factor; Follow-up