Ligand field parameters for europium(III) in gadolinium, yttrium, and letetium orthovanadates

Abstract Absorption and fluorescence spectra of (RE)VO 4 :Eu 3+ with (RE) = Gd, Y, and Lu are described by phenomenological parameters. Ligand field parameters are determined by taking J -mixing (which arises from the introduction of the ligand field interaction onto the ground term 7 F of Eu 3+ ) into account. These parameters are discussed with the framework of the angular overlap model (AOM) involving σ, π, δ, and ϕ effects.