Bio-distribution of Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to the Wistar rats and its breastfed offspring

Abstract Background Pregnancy in women is a complex condition which is often accompanied by increased demand for various nutrients. Deficiencies of mineral elements and vitamins during pregnancy might result in perinatal complications and congenital organ defects in the growing fetus. Selenium is an important micronutrient which possesses many beneficial health effects in humans including its antioxidant properties. During pregnancy the level of selenium decreases significantly. In order to counter the selenium deficiency, supplements have been given for pregnant women. Objective The purpose of the study is to assess the safety of ionic form of selenium (sodium selenite) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in lactating dams and its breast-fed offspring. Methods In this work sodium selenite (Se*) and SeNPs were orally given to lactating Wistar rats for 21 days. Behavioural tests were also done in pups which were breast-fed with lactating rats that had received Se* and SeNPs orally. Results Results showed that the SeNPs were found in the breast milk without causing any damage to the mammary gland, organs such as liver and kidneys and does not negatively influence haematology and biochemistry parameters. But, Se* administration in lactating rats resulted in apparent damage to the mammary glands, inflammation in the organs and deviated in blood parameters when compared with control. Conclusion The obtained data gives basic information regarding the safety of SeNPs use during lactation.