Systematic calibration error requirements for gravitational-wave detectors via the Cramér-Rao bound
2019
Gravitational-wave (GW) laser interferometers such as Advanced LIGO transduce
spacetime strain into optical power fluctuation. Converting this optical power
fluctuations back into an estimated spacetime strain requires a calibration
process that accounts for both the interferometer's optomechanical response and
the feedback control loop used to control the interferometer test masses.
Systematic errors in the calibration parameters lead to systematic errors in
the GW strain estimate, and hence to systematic errors in the astrophysical
parameter estimates in a particular GW signal. In this work we examine this
effect for a GW signal similar to GW150914, both for a low-power detector
operation similar to the first and second Advanced LIGO observing runs and for
a higher-power operation with detuned signal extraction. We set requirements on
the accuracy of the calibration such that the astrophysical parameter
estimation is limited by errors introduced by random detector noise, rather
than calibration systematics. We also examine the impact of systematic
calibration errors on the possible detection of a massive graviton.
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