Expression of p16INK4A in Cervical Precancerous Lesions unlikely to be preventable by HPV Vaccines

Background Whether higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) that develop due to human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes not included in vaccines may progress to cervical cancer (CC) is largely unknown. The purpose of the study was to document p16INK4A as a biomarker of cervical carcinogenesis or malignant potential and evaluate whether its expression differs between lesions associated with vaccine and non-vaccine HR-HPV genotypes.