Mechanical properties of de-epithelialized tracheal allografts

Background Many studies have shown that mucosa-treated tracheas can be used for allotransplantation without the use of immunosuppressants. However, no literature has reported whether the transplanted trachea has normal biomechanics. In this study, fresh dog trachea was used as a control to determine the mechanical properties of allograft trachea after mucous membrane removal. Methods Cervical tracheas (~10 cm in length, consisting of the cartilage rings down to the tracheal carina) and the surrounding connective tissues were removed from 20 mixed-breed dogs and then divided into 4 groups with 5 samples in each group. The groups were defined as follows: group A, fresh canine tracheas without any treatment; group B, canine tracheas after sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) de-epithelialization; group C, canine tracheas implanted into the dorsal fascia of beagle dogs for 1 month after SDS de-epithelialization; group D, canine tracheas implanted into the dorsal fascia of beagle dogs for 6 months after SDS de-epithelialization. All heterotopically implanted beagle dogs were free of any immunosuppressive treatment. Uniaxial tensile (n=20) and compressive (n=20) experiments were performed on the 4 groups of trachea using a universal testing machine; the tensile load was recorded at 150% of the original tracheal length (50% displacement), and the compressive load was recorded at 50% of the initial anteroposterior diameter (50% displacement). The average difference in tensile and compressive loads between groups was compared by analysis of variance. Results No significant difference was found in the mean compressive strength among groups (group A =2.38±0.87 N, group B =3.33±1.03 N, group C =5.39±2.44 N, group D =3.04±2.12 N; P=0.07 for all groups). The mean tensile strength of group C was 9.68±0.86 N, resulting in a significant difference in tensile strength compared to group A (22.51±3.91 N) and B (24.24±7.46 N) (P<0.001). No significant difference in tensile strength was observed among groups A, B, and D. Conclusions The de-epithelialized trachea showed no significant change in mechanical properties after 6 months of implantation.