Sampling Methods for Toxicity Testing of PV Modules for End-of-Life Decisions

The present work is a continuation of our research studies published at the IEEE PVSC in 2018 and 2019. In 2018 and 2019, we reported mechanical cutting and waterjet cutting methods, respectively, to remove samples from PV modules for TCLP (Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure) testing. Based on the encouraging results obtained in the waterjet cutting method with lower variability in the TCLP results, we have now extended our waterjet cutting and toxicity testing efforts: to confirm if chemical leaching or contamination occurs during the waterjet sample removal process; to include the thin-film technologies to explore new avenues which could reduce the complexity of the current waterjet procedure; to compare TCLP results between fresh and field-aged modules; and to eventually develop a database for TCLP test results.