Theatre etiquette, sterile technique and surgical site preparation

Human error and surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a considerable threat to the surgical patient. Much research has been directed at decreasing the incidence of both staff error and SSIs within the operating theatre to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. This article examines the techniques recommended for the creation of a safe operating environment, and the evidence behind the strategies for reducing the risk of SSI by thorough patient preparation, the use of good sterile technique and surgical site preparation.