Demographic Pattern, Risk Factors, Clinical andMicrobiological Characteristics of Fungal andBacterial Keratitis in Menilik II Memorial Hospital,Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2016
Background:-Microbial keratitis is an infection of the cornea that is associated with a risk of
permanent visual impairment. It can be caused by bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa and other
parasites. The incidence of corneal blindness caused by microbial keratitis in the developing
world is far higher than that in the developed world.
Objective:-the aim of this study was to determine the demographic pattern, risk factors,
clinical and microbiological characteristics of fungal and bacterial keratitis in Menilik II
memorial hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods and materials: - a cross sectional study was conducted at Menilik II memorial
hospital, a convenient sampling technique was used from January to September 2016. Sixty
patients who were suspected to have microbial keratitis and fulfilled the requirements were
included in the study. After taking a detailed history, corneal scrapping was taken by the
ophthalmologist after installation of preservative free anaesthesia. Scrapping was smeared on
two slides for preparation of gram stain and10% KOH wet mount and further scrapping was
inoculated in to 0.5ml BHI broth media. Then from the broth media the sample were
inoculated on bacterial and fungal solid media in the main laboratory as soon as possible. On
each sample Comprehensive microbiologic studies were performed. Data were entered in to
SPSS version 20 software and analysis was done.
Result 60 patients of presumed microbial keratitis were included in this study. Of sixty cases
of microbial keratitis investigated, fungi and bacteria were recovered from 29and 18 patients
giving fungal and bacterial keratitis prevalence of 48.3 % and 30% respectively Potential risk
factors identified were in 80% of cases. Corneal trauma was the main risk factor (55%). The
most common Fungi pathogen isolated were Aspergillus spp (41.4%) followed by Fusarium
spp (24.1%). Coagulase negative staphylococci and staphylococci aureus were the common
bacterial agent accounting 44.4%and 22.2% respectively from the total bacterial isolates.
Conclusion
Corneal trauma was the major predisposing factor for microbial keratitis. Aspergeilius and
coagulase negative Staphylococcui were the most common isolates.
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