Totally Endoscopic Coronary Bypass Surgery Robotic on Pump (TECAB)

Endoscopic and robotic coronary operations have evolved slowly over the past 10 years. Initially, off-pump techniques were developed in an effort to avoid cardiopulmonary perfusion (CPB). A number of surgeons became proficient in doing multi-vessel robotic coronary artery surgery without using CPB. However, because of space constraints and geometric challenges with a full heart, most surgeons abandoned closed-chest off-pump robotic coronary operations. In parallel, robotic coronary operations were done with greater facility and accuracy using modified CPB techniques. To this end, we have developed a safe, efficient, and effective on-pump closed-chest robotic coronary operation. Our techniques for single and multi-vessel revascularization are described in this chapter.