Deployment of a covered stent for left internal mammary perforation from percutaneous pacemaker implantation

Abstract A 79-year-old woman developed a hemothorax two days after implantation of a permanent pacemaker. CT angiography revealed active extravasation from the left internal mammary artery. A covered stent was deployed to manage the arterial perforation. This case report explores different venous access techniques to minimize the risk of arterial injuries and describes the use of a covered stent in managing a non-grafted left internal mammary artery injury from a pacemaker implantation procedure.