CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS ON CHRONIC DIALYSIS TREATMENT

Hemodialysis causes a number of complications including cardiovascular diseases with accelerated atherosclerosis, peripheral neuropathy, renal distrophy. Renal disease increases the risk of death from cardiovascular disease by 3.5 times. The goal of this study is to determine the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic hemodialysis. Materials and methods: The study was a prospective, descriptive. The study was conducted at Department of internal medicine and Department of Hemodialysis in General hospital Travnik. All study subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiography using General Electrics Vivid S5 by standardized echocardiography. The study included 30 patients treated in chronic dialysis, and 18 (60%) men and 12 (40%) of women aged 51.16 ± 8.84 years, and the average length of dialysis of 5.8 years. Morphological and functional changes in the valves were present in 27 (90%) patients. Valvular calcifications were present in 11 (36.6%) patients and 3 (10%) with mitral valve calcifications and 8 (26.6%) with aortic valve calcifications. Mitral regurgitation was present in 23 (76.6%) patients, aortic regurgitation in 12 (40%), and tricuspid regurgitation was present in 16 (53%) patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy is important in dialysis patients, 20 (66.6%) patients, of whom 5 (25%) with signs of aortic stenosis. Coronary heart disease with left ventricular contractility outburst represented in 5 (16.6%) patients. Conclusion: The incidence of cardiovascular disease patients on chronic hemodialysis treatment was significantly higher than in the general population and increases with years of dialysis. In the first place the valvular disease, then left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease.