High-resolution dacryoendoscopy for observation for pediatric lacrimal duct obstruction

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to describe high-resolution dacryoendoscopy findings for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in three representative pediatric cases with different etiologies. Observations In a case of congenital NLDO, a mucosal membranous obstruction was observed at the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD), and a slit - shaped opening of the NLD was observed after perforation. In a case of acquired NLDO secondary to an adenoviral infection, a membranous obstruction was observed at the proximal NLD. In a case of NLDO with chronic dacryocystitis in a patient with Down syndrome, diffuse fibrous obstruction was observed. Conclusion and importance High-resolution dacryoendoscopy enables a clearer visualization of pediatric lacrimal duct obstructions, leading to an improved understanding of their features.