Craniocervical Pneumatization: Estimation of Prevalence and Imaging of Treatment Response.

Estimate the prevalence of craniocervical pneumatization (CCP) and describe successful treatment of this condition with clinical and radiologic correlation.Individuals with documented CCP on computed tomography (CT).CT scans of the head, temporal bone, face, neck, and cervical spine. Cessation of habitual Valsalva maneuver (VM) and insertion of pressure-equalization (PE) tubes.The prevalence of CCP on CT examinations performed during two decades in a large academic healthcare system. Documentation of symptomatic and imaging improvement following treatment of CCP.Radiology database review identified two cases of CCP out of a total of 636,854 head and neck CT scans (0.00031%) or 43,553 temporal bone CT scans (0.0046%). Both CCP patients were symptomatic (aural fullness, hearing loss, vertigo) and practiced habitual VM. One patient showed decreased CCP 4 months following cessation of VM, whereas the other patient improved symptomatically and demonstrated reversion of CCP to normal bone on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 3 years following PE tube placement.Acquired CCP is exceedingly rare and, when successfully treated, reversion to normal bone may accompany symptom resolution.