Surgical correction of T-shaped uteri in women with reproductive failure: Long term anatomical and reproductive outcomes

Abstract Objective To evaluate the long term anatomical and reproductive outcomes of hysteroscopic treatment for T shaped uterus in patients presenting with reproductive failure. Methods This prospective cohort study included 56 patients with a history of long-standing unexplained infertility, recurrent implantation failure (RIF), and/or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) who were eligible for metroplasty by office hysteroscopy. Office hysteroscopy under conscious sedation was performed. Anatomical outcomes were assessed with pre- and postoperative measurements of the transostial, isthmic and myometrial diameters and the uterine volume using three-dimensional transvaginal sonography (3D-TVS). Reproductive outcome was assessed after spontaneous or assisted conception. Results Hysteroscopic treatment significantly increased the volume of the uterus from a mean of 2.5 + 1 mL before surgery to 3.2 ± 1 mL by the end of 1 year as measured by 3D-TVS. According to the main indication to perform metroplasty, 20 of 32 (62.5%) patients with long standing unexplained infertility, 9 of 14 (64%) patients with RIF, and 8 of 10 (80%) patients with RPL conceived either spontaneously or with assisted reproduction. Conclusions Office hysteroscopic metroplasty results in a significant long-term expansion of the uterine cavity and improved reproductive outcomes in women presenting with a T shaped uterus and poor reproductive history.