Solvent effects on gravure-printed organic layers of nanoscale thickness for organic solar cells

The effects of different solvents on the fabrication of organic photovoltaic cells by gravure printing are reported. Polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated with ITO/PEDOT: PSS/P3HT: PCBM/Al layer structures using 4–9 wt% mixtures of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in 1,2-dichlorobenzene to optimize solution viscosity for gravure printing. 7 wt% P3HT: PCBM showed optimal efficiency of 1.64% and resulted in an active layer 340 nm thick. Three solvents, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, chloroform, and chlorobenzene, were tested and a 1: 1 ratio mixture of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and chloroform resulted in the best efficiency of 2.21%. This study demonstrates the importance of solvent effects in the gravure printing of organic photovoltaic devices.