Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

The hypothalamus is now recognized to be the location where signals from the internal milieu and external stimuli are integrated to regulate endocrine homeostasis. Neuroendocrine tumors that arise from neurons in and around the hypothalamus give rise to clinical manifestations of mass effect as well as hormonal activity. These rare tumors include gangliocytomas and neurocytomas that produce hormones and are associated with endocrinopathies.