Automated Continuous Distraction Osteogenesis May Allow Faster Distraction Rates: A Preliminary Study

Purpose To determine if automated continuous distraction osteogenesis (DO) at rates faster than 1 mm/day results in bone formation by clinical and radiographic criteria, in a minipig model. Materials and Methods An automated, continuous, curvilinear distraction device was placed across a mandibular osteotomy in 10 minipigs. After 12 mm of distraction and 24 days of fixation, the animals were sacrificed and bone healing was evaluated. The continuous distraction rates were 1.5 mm/day (n = 5) and 3 mm/day (n = 5). A semiquantitative scale was used to assess the ex vivo clinical appearance of the distraction gap (3 = osteotomy not visible; 2 = 50% visible; 0 = 100% visible), stability (3 = no mobility; 2 and 1 = mobility in 1 plane or 2 planes, respectively; 0 = mobility in 3 planes), and radiographic density (4 = 100% of gap opaque; 3 = >75%; 2 = 50% to 75%; 1 = Results Automated, continuous DO at 1.5-mm/day and 3-mm/day had similar bone formation compared to discontinuous DO at 1-mm/day. The continuous DO 1.5-mm/day group had significantly higher scores for appearance and radiographic density compared with the discontinuous 4-mm/day group. The continuous DO 3-mm/day group had significantly higher scores for appearance and radiographic density compared with the discontinuous 4-mm/day group and greater stability compared with the discontinuous 2- and 4-mm/day groups. Conclusions Results of this preliminary study indicate that continuous DO at rates of 1.5 and 3.0 mm/day produces better bone formation compared with discontinuous DO at rates faster than 1 mm/day.