Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography Using a Miniaturized Transducer in a Neonate Undergoing Norwood Procedure for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

A 7-day–old neonate (weight, 2.7 kg; height, 48 cm) with hypoplastic left heart syndrome was referred to our institution for a Norwood stage I palliation procedure. In the small neonate, conventional transesophageal echocardiographic probe insertion and manipulation can induce hemodynamic instability or respiratory compromise. Therefore, the usual weight range for neonates and infants who can be safely imaged in the operating department with the use of currently available echocardiographic probes is >3 kg. Recently, a …