Immunohistochemical analysis of L1 cell adhesion molecule and high endothelial venules in breast cancer brain metastasis

Abstract Background The vasculature is a crucial factor in tumor development. Vascular co-option achieved by the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and lymphocyte recruitment inside tumors by high endothelial venules (HEVs) are important prognostic factors in primary breast cancer. Their status in breast cancer brain metastasis is unknown. Aim of the study To explore the status of L1CAMs and HEVs in this tumor compartment. Material and methods Thirty resected breast cancer brain metastases were immunohistochemically studied for L1CAM and MECA-79, an HEV marker. Clinicopathological factors were recorded. Results Age at brain metastasis diagnosis ranged from 37 to 80 years (median 55). The time to brain metastasis development after primary tumor diagnosis ranged from 12 to 187 months (median 57). Median overall survival after brain metastasis diagnosis was 29 months. None of the tumors expressed the factors studied. Conclusion L1CAM and high endothelial venules are not found in breast cancer brain metastasis.