Seven cases of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with acute respiratory failure treated by plasma exchange

: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 7 cases of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage at our hospital, diagnosis of which was made on the presence of bloody bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There were 3 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 68 years. A rapidly progressiving diffuse infiltrative shadow on chest X-ray film and failing to respond to antibiotic therapy were the major signs of the condition in these cases. Respiratory failure was seen in all cases. In addition to high-dose steroid therapy and mechanical ventilation, we immediately performed plasma exchange. All of the 3 MPO-ANCA-positive patients survived, but 3 of the 4 MPO-ANCA-negative patients died. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to ANCA-associated vasculitis usually advances rapidly and its prognosis tends to be poor. However, early initiation of plasma exchange can be expected to improve the survival rate of patients with this disease.