Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells with a single spin‐coated absorber layer prepared via a simple sol–gel route

Summary Carbon-free Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were prepared via a simple spin-coating process based on a sol–gel precursor of methoxyethanol solution with metal salts and thiourea, followed by post-sulfurization. The sol–gel precursor solution was deposited onto molybdenum-coated glass substrates. The sulfurization process was carried out using a conventional furnace at 525 °C for 60 min in a nitrogen atmosphere with sulfur powder. The structural, morphological and compositional properties of as-sulfurized thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Only a single coating of the precursor solution was applied to obtain uniform Zn-rich and Cu-poor CZTS films thicker than 1 µm after post-annealing. The best solar cell fabricated with the as-prepared CZTS films of band gap energy ~1.37 eV showed a short-circuit current density of 10.15 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 0.509 V, a fill factor of 33.72% and a conversion efficiency of 1.74%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.