Contrast-Enhanced Voiding Urosonography (ceVUS): Current Experience and Advanced Techniques

Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) has been used to detect and grade vesicoureteral reflux for the past three decades. Following recent regulatory agency approval of an ultrasound contrast agent for this indication, it is performed more routinely worldwide. The ceVUS technique and reflux grading are comparable to voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Many authors have shown ceVUS to be as good as if not superior to VCUG and radionuclide cystography for reflux detection and grading. The urethra and urethral pathology are also readily depicted. This chapter describes the current practice as well as advanced techniques of ceVUS.