Open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular calcaneal fractures in children.

Full article available online at Healio.com/Orthopedics. Search: 20120525-27 Calcaneal fractures are rare injuries in children and adolescents, and fractures with displaced intra-articular fracture patterns are even more rare. The purpose of this study was to report 9 intra-articular calcaneal fractures in 8 children (mean age, 12.6 years; range,10-15 years) treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and to examine cases reported in the literature to better define the classification characteristics and operational outcomes of this uncommon fracture. Preoperative radiographs and computed tomography scans were used to evaluate and classify the fractures. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at postoperative follow-up, and functional outcome was assessed with the modified American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot score. Mean follow-up was 47 months (range, 21-72 months). Mean time to union was 9.2 weeks (range, 8-12 weeks). Mean modified AOFAS score was 65.2 points (range, 53-68 points). One foot experienced a minor complication. After a systematic review of the literature, 4 studies with a total of 35 patients (37 fractures) were included. All fractures were caused by high-energy injuries. Based on the Essex-Lopresti classification, 40.5% (15/37) were tongue-type fractures and 59.5% (22/37) were joint depression–type fractures. Based on the Sanders classification, 62.2% (23/37) of fractures were 2 parts, 32.4% (12/37) were 3 parts, and 5.4% (2/37) showed comminution. No significant difference was found in classification information between children and adults. The authors concluded that the characteristics of intra-articular calcaneal fractures in children are similar to those in adults, and operative treatment of these fractures yields good results with few complications. Drs Yu, Zhao, Yang, Zhou, and Li are from the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Drs Yu, Zhao, Yang, Zhou, and Li have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Correspondence should be addressed to: Guang-rong Yu, PhD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389 Xincun Rd, Putuo District, Shanghai 200065, China (guangrongyu2002@163.com). doi: 10.3928/01477447-20120525-27 Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures in Children GuanG-ronG Yu, PhD; honG-mou Zhao, PhD; Yun-fenG YanG, PhD; Jia-qian Zhou, mD; hai-fenG Li, PhD e874 Figure: Lateral radiograph showing a joint depression– type fracture of the calcaneus. The secondary calcaneal physis was not closed (A). Computed tomography scan showing that Bohler’s angle was decreased and the posterior subtalar joint surface was comminuted (B). Twelve-month postoperative lateral radiograph showing that the fracture had healed and that Bohler’s angle was normal (C). A