Ultrasound-guided fine-needle capillary cytology of parotid gland masses coupled with a rapid-on-site evaluation improves results

Summary Objective of the study To test whether a direct-on-site microscopic examination of fresh, unstained puncture slides by the radiologist decreases the rate of false-negative cases on ultrasound-guided fine-needle cytology of parotid gland masses. Patients Thirty parotid gland masses from 28 patients were punctured under ultrasound guidance. The same group was used as its control group. Methods After one or two passes, the material was spread on slides and air-dried (control group, without microscopic examination). For the study group, it was thus analyzed unstained under the microscope. A sample was considered adequate if at least six clusters of parotid cells were found per slide on at least two slides. For the study group, new punctures were obtained and slides prepared until this condition was fulfilled. Results Of the 30 evaluated masses, 100% benefited from a cytological diagnosis after microscopy. Twenty-four were adequate in the control group, while 30 were adequate in the study group. The maximum number of punctures to obtain an adequate sample was six. On-site direct microscopy significantly increased the number of adequate specimens by 20% ( P  = 0.03, CI [1.63–20%]). Conclusion Direct and systematic examination of slides by a radiologist avoided the risk of false-negative results caused by having insufficient sample material.