Evaluation of scattered radiation and impact of local protective devices in an interventional cardiology laboratory

ABSTRACT Background Medical applications are the main source of ionizing radiation exposure, and in this context the issue of occupational risk is particularly important. Although the different organs of the human body present different radiation sensitivities, specific assessments of the impact on the different regions of the interventionist's body with diverse radioprotection devices are rare in Brazil. Methods A scattered radiation test was performed using an ionization chamber in a fluoroscopy station, with standard radioprotection accessory kit of the equipment (lower skirt and upper movable shield, in two different positions), at sequential distances from the source, using acrylic phantoms as human chest simulation. Results Differences in radiation were identified in relation to distance and use of radioprotection devices. The median radiation reduction was 50.6% (interquartile range – IQ from 39.42% to 51.05%) using the lower skirt shield, 71.3% (IQ from 67.66% to 77.05%) with the addition of an upper shield in angulated position, and 84.7% (IQ from 83.75% to 85.87%) with the addition of an upper shield aligned with the lower shield. Significant differences were also found regarding height and distance from the source. Conclusions The use of the assessed local radioprotection devices was effective in reducing the overall radiological impact to the interventionist. However, there were radiation escape routes, especially with non-ideal positioning, demonstrating the importance of the additional use of individual protection devices.