The relationship between perinatal exposure to dioxins and serum steroid hormone levels in preschool-aged children at an e-waste region in China

Abstract Perinatal exposure to dioxins affects steroid hormone synthesis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the associations between perinatal exposure to dioxins and serum steroid hormone levels in preschool-aged children from an e-waste recycling region in China. In the present study, we enrolled 50 pairs of mothers and infants from the Taizhou, Luqiao region in 2015. Of the 50 pairs of mothers and infants, 42 pairs participated in this study when the children were 4 years old. We measured breast milk dioxin concentrations using high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Additionally, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure the concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione (A-dione), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in serum samples from the 4-year-old children. We used multivariate linear regressions to assess the associations between dioxin congeners and steroid hormones. Results were reported as beta estimates and 95% confidence intervals by bootstrapping. We observed sex-related differences between breast milk dioxins and serum steroid hormone levels in 4-year-old children. An increase in breast milk dioxins was associated with a decrease in testosterone in serum samples from boys. Similarly, an increase in breast milk dioxins was associated with a decrease in progesterone levels in serum samples from girls. However, dioxins were not associated with changes in the levels of testosterone, DHEA, or A-dione in girls. Based on these results, we conclude that perinatal exposure to dioxins modifies steroidogenesis in preschool-aged children. However, the long-term impact of dioxins requires further large-scale studies to assess these effects in school-going children and adolescents.