Immune status markers dynamics during rotational diet therapy in obesity

BACKGROUND : Сhronic immune inflammation in obesity is pathogenetically associated with the development insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. However, there are a number of works devoted to the relationship of obesity and allergic diseases, in which data were obtained on models of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. In obesity against a background of chronic immune inflammation, a more severe course of concomitant allergic disease is observed, accompanied by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In this regard, obesity and food allergies should be considered from the standpoint of comorbidity, and the study of immune status markers dynamics in obese patients with concomitant food allergies at the background of diet therapy will create prerequisites for determining the criteria of the effectiveness of the treatment. AIM : To study the of immune status markers dynamics on the background of rotational diet therapy for obesity. METHODS : A single-site, randomized controlled trial was conducted. The duration of observation of the patients was 14 days. There were 68 patients with obesity, aged 47.4 ± 5.4 years, randomly divided into 2 homogeneous groups. Levels of allergen-specific IgG to 90 food allergens were measured to all patients of the main group by enzyme immunoassay method. The comparison group received a standard low-calorie diet. In both groups, the levels of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6) were determined using commercial Biosource kits (Belgium). RESULTS : In evaluating of the cytokine status and the level of non-specific markers of inflammation at the initial stage of the study, patients with a body mass index above 35 showed a significant increase in concentrations of C-reactive protein, IL-1β, and IL-6. Analysis of allergen-specific IgG to 90 food allergens showed that food intolerance was found often to milk, dairy products, gluten. Analyzing the dynamics of the level of pro-inflammatory markers during treatment, a significant decrease in the level of CRP, IL-6, IL-1β was detected in the main group 15 % (p < 0.05), 14 % (p < 0.05), 10 % respectively, while in the comparison group the decrease in the level of IL-6 was 9 %, IL-1β by 6 %,CRP by 10 % (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION : In patients with obesity with concomitant food intolerance there are changes in the immune status in the form of increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers. During the observation a more significant decrease was found in the studied parameters in the main group was detected at the background of rotational diet therapy in relation to the comparison group. The decrease in the concentrations of the studied markers in the serum during the study is an indicator of the effectiveness of rotational diet therapy.