Cooperative and Non-cooperative Equilibrium Problems with Equilibrium Constraints: Applications in Economics and Transportation

In recent years, a plethora of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been proposed which are able to effectively handle complex multi-objective problems. In this paper, we focus on Equilibrium Problems with Equilibrium Constraints. We show that one interpretation of the game can also be handled by MOEAs and then discuss a simple methodology to map the non-cooperative outcome to the cooperative outcome. We demonstrate our proposed methodology with examples sourced from the economics and transportation systems management literature. In doing so we suggest resulting policy implications which will be of importance to regulatory authorities.