Inhibition of TGF-β1 Signaling With Halofuginone can Enhance the Antitumor Effect of Irradiation in Lung Cancer Xenograft

Purpose/Objectives: It is reported that halofuginone can inhibit the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1 ) signaling pathway. TGF-β1 signaling plays an important role in the invasive and metastatic behavior in many kind of malignancy. Radiation therapy may result in increased expression of TGF--β1 in tumor and surrounding tissues. We hypothesized that halofuginone may enhance the anti-tumor effect of radiation therapy in lung cancer.