The role of transforming growth factor beta1 in the vascular system.

Abstract The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family of cytokines exert pleiotropic effects upon a wide variety of cell types. TGFβ 1 has been demonstrated to be of fundamental importance in the development, physiology and pathology of the vascular system. As the role of TGFβ 1 in these processes becomes clearer, influencing its activity for therapeutic benefit is now beginning to be investigated. This review presents an overview of the role of TGFβ 1 in the vasculature. The cellular and extracellular biology of the TGFβ family is first addressed, followed by an overview of the function of TGFβ 1 during vascular development, atherogenesis, hypertension, and vessel injury.