Gradual dilatation of an occluded transverse sinus associated with dural arteriovenous fistula after balloon angioplasty with sinus packing: A case report.

BACKGROUND There is no consensus as to whether balloon angioplasty alone or stent placement is effective for sinus occlusion associated with dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). Herein, we first report a case of transverse sinus occlusion associated with DAVF in which gradual sinus dilatation was observed after balloon angioplasty with embolization of the affected sinus with shunt flow. CASE PRESENTATION A 69-year-old man presented with executive dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed left transverse sinus-sigmoid sinus DAVF with occlusion of the left jugular vein and right transverse sinus. Before endovascular treatment, the patient had symptomatic epilepsy and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage disappeared with packing of the left transverse sinus-sigmoid sinus. Subsequently, balloon angioplasty of the right occluded transverse sinus was performed to maintain the normal venous drainage and remaining shunt outflow. Dilatation of the right transverse sinus was poor immediately after surgery. However, angiography after 10 days and 6 months revealed gradual dilatation of the right transverse sinus. CONCLUSION Sinus occlusion, which is thought to be caused by sinus hypertension associated with DAVF rather than chronic organized thrombosis or thrombophilia, may dilate over time after balloon angioplasty and shunt flow reduction if occluded sinus is necessary for facilitating normal venous drainage.