Human papillomavirus in breast cancer of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer history. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE Many cohort studies and meta-analyses support the oncogenic role of the human papilloma virus (HPV) on breast tissue. However, only a few studies examine the association between HPV-positive breast cancer and the prior history of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether women with a history of high grade CIN or cervical cancer are at a higher risk of developing HPV-positive breast cancer. METHODS MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Scopus databases as well as "gray literature" sources were searched for case-control studies, detecting and genotyping HPV genome in breast cancer patients with and without a history of CIN or cervical cancer, from inception to October 23, 2020. RESULTS The meta-analysis included three case-control studies with 265 breast cancer patients in total. HPV related breast cancer was associated with a history of high grade CIN or cervical cancer [pooled odds ratio (OR) =7.98, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.84 to 34.67]. This association remained regarding HPV-16 related breast cancer (pooled OR =7.60, 95% CI, 1.75 to 33.00). CONCLUSIONS HPV was detected more frequently in breast cancer patients with CIN or cervical cancer history. Therefore, further research is necessary to understand better the HPV transmission route to the breast.