The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 Biomarker Core: A review of progress and plans

Introduction: We describe Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Biomarker Core progress including: the Biobank; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Ab1–42), t-tau, and ptau181 analytical performance, definition of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) profile for plaque, and tangle burden detection and increased risk for progression to AD; AD disease heterogeneity; progress in standardization; and new studies using ADNI biofluids. Methods: Review publications authored or coauthored by ADNI Biomarker core faculty and selected non-ADNIstudiestodeepentheunderstandingandinterpretationofCSFAb1–42,t-tau,andp-tau181data. Results: CSFAD biomarker measurements with the qualified AlzBio3 immunoassay detects neuropathologic AD hallmarks in preclinical and prodromal disease stages, based on CSF studies in nonADNI living subjects followed by the autopsy confirmation of AD. Collaboration across ADNI cores generated the temporal ordering model of AD biomarkers varying across individuals because of genetic/environmental factors that increase/decrease resilience to AD pathologies.