Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy: Uses and Advanced MRI Techniques in Prostate Cancer

Prostate low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy is a well-established standard of care treatment option for men with localized prostate cancer, with long-term follow-up and outcome data available. Image guidance is crucial for high-quality brachytherapy. Ongoing development and research are underway to incorporate more advanced imaging techniques into the procedure to enhance the quality and minimize the side effects of treatment. This chapter will discuss the history, rationale, and anatomy related to prostate brachytherapy. It also covers the various brachytherapy workflow steps involving the traditional computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) imaging-directed brachytherapy and more recent advancements in incorporating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into the procedure.